In this enlightening interview, Rabbi Professor Joshua Berman, a distinguished professor of Tanakh at Bar-Ilan University and author, delves into the complexities of biblical criticism and its impact on faith. Hosted by Rabbi Robert White, the conversation explores Rabbi Berman’s recent book, “Ani Maamin: Biblical Criticism, Historical Truth, and the Thirteen Principles of Faith,” and its implications for both Jewish and Christian communities.
Rabbi Berman’s Background
Rabbi Berman, a Princeton University graduate and alumnus of Yeshivat Har Etzion, has authored two academic works on the Torah. His articles on biblical theology and contemporary society have appeared in prestigious publications such as Mosaic Magazine and The Wall Street Journal. He has also served on the International Advisory Board for the Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C.
The Crisis of Faith and Biblical Criticism
Rabbi Berman begins by sharing a poignant story of a young Orthodox rabbi who experienced a crisis of faith upon encountering biblical criticism. This narrative sets the stage for a broader discussion on how modern access to critical biblical scholarship can challenge traditional beliefs. Unlike Christians, who have engaged with these questions for centuries within university settings, traditionally minded Jews are relatively new to this intellectual endeavor.
The Role of Archaeology in Understanding the Bible
One of the key themes of the interview is the role of archaeology in corroborating biblical narratives. Rabbi Berman emphasizes that while not everything in the Bible can be substantiated through archaeological evidence, there is significant support for the existence of a King David and a large kingdom, aligning with biblical accounts. He argues that the lack of direct evidence for certain events, such as the Exodus, does not necessarily invalidate them. Instead, he highlights the importance of understanding the cultural context and literary conventions of the ancient Near East.
Cultural Appropriation and Biblical Narratives
Rabbi Berman introduces the concept of cultural appropriation in biblical texts. He explains how the Torah adopts and subverts Egyptian royal propaganda to convey its messages. For instance, the phrase “mighty hand and outstretched arm,” commonly associated with Pharaoh’s victories, is appropriated to describe God’s deliverance of Israel. This approach demonstrates how oppressed people can repurpose the symbols of their oppressors to assert their own identity and narrative.
Reconciliation of Faith and Scholarship
A significant portion of the conversation focuses on reconciling faith with scholarly inquiry. Rabbi Berman notes that many traditional Jews and Christians struggle with maintaining their beliefs when confronted with critical questions about the Bible. He emphasizes the need for a nuanced understanding of biblical texts, one that respects both the spiritual significance and the historical context. By examining the Torah through the lens of ancient literary conventions and new archaeological findings, believers can gain a deeper appreciation for its complexity and authenticity.
Conclusion
Rabbi Berman’s insights offer a compelling perspective on how modern scholarship can enrich rather than diminish faith. His work serves as a bridge between the ancient wisdom of the Torah and contemporary intellectual discourse. For those grappling with questions of faith and historical truth, his scholarship provides a thoughtful and balanced approach to understanding the Bible.
In summary, this interview highlights the ongoing dialogue between tradition and modernity, encouraging a more informed and reflective engagement with sacred texts. Rabbi Berman’s contributions underscore the enduring relevance of the Bible and its capacity to inspire and challenge believers across generations.
