The concept of understanding the Almighty has puzzled humanity for centuries.
Zophar questions Job’s insistence that he is innocent, suggesting that Job is perhaps not as pure as he thinks he is, since man cannot comprehend God’s mind nor his desires of us. Even Moses, the greatest prophet of all time, was denied his request to fully comprehend the ways of God.
After the sin of the golden calf, Moses prays for the people and seeks closeness to God. Sensing that this was a time of mercy, he pleads with Hashem to let him understand His ways, and requests of Him: “Let me behold Your presence” (Exodus 33:18). God’s response, however, is, “You cannot see My face, for man may not see Me and live” (ibid. verse 20). The Sages understand this request to see God’s face as a metaphor for Moses’ plea to understand God. In fact, the Sages of the Talmud (Berachot 7a) suggest that Moses was specifically seeking the answer to the question of theodicy, wondering why bad things happen to good people and vice versa.
This is indeed the question that bothers Job throughout his book, and continues to trouble us for eternity. However, as Moses is told, we cannot comprehend the ways of God and might never understand the answer to this question as long as we are living.
Historical Context and Philosophical Insights
Throughout Jewish history, many scholars have grappled with the mystery of the Almighty. The Talmud, Midrash, and various rabbinical writings often reflect on the limited human capacity to understand divine justice. For example, the story of Rabbi Akiva, who maintained his faith despite witnessing tragic events, illustrates the resilience required to trust in God’s overarching plan. These narratives underscore the importance of faith and perseverance, even when divine actions seem unfathomable.
Contemporary Reflections
In times of crisis, such as the current global pandemic and widespread social unrest, these ancient questions gain new urgency. We might not understand why we face such challenges, but Jewish wisdom encourages us to see these struggles as opportunities for growth and spiritual strengthening. The idea is that through enduring hardships, we become more deserving of God’s blessings.
Theodicy and Modern Interpretations
Theodicy, or the vindication of divine goodness despite the existence of evil, remains a pivotal theme. Modern scholars and theologians continue to explore this concept, often integrating insights from science, philosophy, and psychology. These interdisciplinary approaches aim to provide a more holistic understanding of suffering and divine will. While the answers may remain elusive, the pursuit itself deepens our faith and understanding.
Practical Applications in Faith
Understanding the limits of human comprehension can guide how we approach faith in daily life. Acknowledging that some questions might remain unanswered allows believers to focus on trust and action. Engaging in mitzvot (commandments), prayer, and community support are ways to reinforce faith during uncertain times. By doing so, individuals can find solace and purpose, knowing that their efforts contribute to a larger divine plan.
