
TORAH
NEVI'IM
KETUVIM
Chapter 3
Translation and Transliteration of
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1I am the man who has known affliction Under the rod of His wrath;
a-NEE ha-GE-ver ra-AH o-NEE b'-she-VET ev-RA-to. (S)
אאֲנִ֤י הַגֶּ֙בֶר֙ רָאָ֣ה עֳנִ֔י בְּשֵׁ֖בֶט עֶבְרָתֽוֹ׃
2Me He drove on and on In unrelieved darkness;
o-TI na-HAG va-YO-lakh KHO-shekh v'-lo-OR. (S)
באוֹתִ֥י נָהַ֛ג וַיֹּלַ֖ךְ חֹ֥שֶׁךְ וְלֹא־אֽוֹר׃
3On none but me He brings down His hand Again and again, without cease.
akh BEE ya-SHUV ya-ha-FOKH ya-DO kol ha-YOM. (S)
גאַ֣ךְ בִּ֥י יָשֻׁ֛ב יַהֲפֹ֥ךְ יָד֖וֹ כׇּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃
4He has worn away my flesh and skin; He has shattered my bones.
bi-LAH ve-sa-REE v'-o-REE shi-BAR atz-mo-TAI. (S)
דבִּלָּ֤ה בְשָׂרִי֙ וְעוֹרִ֔י שִׁבַּ֖ר עַצְמוֹתָֽי׃
5All around me He has built Misery and hardship;
ba-NA a-LAI va-YA-kaf ROSH u-te-LA-a. (S)
הבָּנָ֥ה עָלַ֛י וַיַּקַּ֖ף רֹ֥אשׁ וּתְלָאָֽה׃
6He has made me dwell in darkness, Like those long dead.
b'-ma-ha-sha-KEEM ho-shee-VA-nee k'-me-TAY o-LAM. (s)
ובְּמַחֲשַׁכִּ֥ים הוֹשִׁיבַ֖נִי כְּמֵתֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃
7He has walled me in and I cannot break out; He has weighed me down with chains.
ga-DAR ba-a-DI v'-LO e-TSE hi-K'-BID ne-KHO-sh'-TI. (S)
זגָּדַ֧ר בַּעֲדִ֛י וְלֹ֥א אֵצֵ֖א הִכְבִּ֥יד נְחׇשְׁתִּֽי׃
8And when I cry and plead, He shuts out my prayer;
GAM KEE ez-AK va-a-sha-VAY-a sa-TAM t'-fi-la-TEE
חגַּ֣ם כִּ֤י אֶזְעַק֙ וַאֲשַׁוֵּ֔עַ שָׂתַ֖ם תְּפִלָּתִֽי׃
3:8 And when I cry and plead, He shuts out my prayer
While God always hears our prayers, He doesn’t always grant our requests. Even in difficult times, Hashem does not always respond to our prayers in the affirmative, but instead “He shuts out my prayer.” It is noteworthy that in the central Jewish prayer, known as the Amida and recited three times a day, Hashem is referred to as, “He who listens to our prayers” and not, “He who answers our prayers.” God’s will is inscrutable. Like any parent, at times He says “no.” But especially at those times, He is always there to listen with love and to hear our cries.
9He has walled in my ways with hewn blocks, He has made my paths a maze.
ga-DAR d'-ra-KHAI b'-ga-ZEET n'-ti-VO-tai i-VAH. (S)
טגָּדַ֤ר דְּרָכַי֙ בְּגָזִ֔ית נְתִיבֹתַ֖י עִוָּֽה׃
10He is a lurking bear to me, A lion in hiding;
dov o-REV HU li (a-REE) [a-REE] b'-mis-ta-RIM. (s)
ידֹּ֣ב אֹרֵ֥ב הוּא֙ לִ֔י (אריה) [אֲרִ֖י] בְּמִסְתָּרִֽים׃
11He has forced me off my way and mangled me, He has left me numb.
d'-ra-KHAI so-RAYR va-y'-fa-sh'-KHE-ni sa-MA-ni sho-MEM
יאדְּרָכַ֥י סוֹרֵ֛ר וַֽיְפַשְּׁחֵ֖נִי שָׂמַ֥נִי שֹׁמֵֽם׃
12He has bent His bow and made me The target of His arrows:
da-RAKH kash-TO va-ya-tzee-VEE ka-ma-ta-RA la-KHEtz. (S)
יבדָּרַ֤ךְ קַשְׁתּוֹ֙ וַיַּצִּיבֵ֔נִי כַּמַּטָּרָ֖א לַחֵֽץ׃
13He has shot into my vitals The shafts of His quiver.
he-VI b'-khil-yo-TAI b'-NAY ash-pa-TO. (S)
יגהֵבִיא֙ בְּכִלְיֹתָ֔י בְּנֵ֖י אַשְׁפָּתֽוֹ׃
14I have become a laughingstock to all people, The butt of their gibes all day long.
ha-YI-tee se-KHOK l'-KOL a-MEE, ne-ghee-NA-tam KOL ha-YOM. (S)
ידהָיִ֤יתִי שְּׂחֹק֙ לְכׇל־עַמִּ֔י נְגִינָתָ֖ם כׇּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃
15He has filled me with bitterness, Sated me with wormwood.
his-BEE-a-nee va-m'-ro-RIM hir-va-NEE la-a-NAH. (S)
טוהִשְׂבִּיעַ֥נִי בַמְּרוֹרִ֖ים הִרְוַ֥נִי לַעֲנָֽה׃
16He has broken my teeth on gravel, Has ground me into the dust.
vai-YAG-res be-cha-TZATZ shi-NAI hikh-pee-SHA-nee ba-EY-fer. (S)
טזוַיַּגְרֵ֤ס בֶּֽחָצָץ֙ שִׁנָּ֔י הִכְפִּישַׁ֖נִי בָּאֵֽפֶר׃
17My life was bereft of peace, I forgot what happiness was.
va-tiz-NAKH mi-sha-LOM naf-SHEE na-SHEE-tee to-VAH. (Selah)
יזוַתִּזְנַ֧ח מִשָּׁל֛וֹם נַפְשִׁ֖י נָשִׁ֥יתִי טוֹבָֽה׃
18I thought my strength and hope Had perished before Hashem.
va-o-MAR, a-VAD nitz-KHEE v'-to-khal-TEE me-a-do-NAI. (Selah)
יחוָאֹמַר֙ אָבַ֣ד נִצְחִ֔י וְתוֹחַלְתִּ֖י מֵיְהֹוָֽה׃
19To recall my distress and my misery Was wormwood and poison;
ZE-khor o-NI u-m'-RU-di la-a-NA va-ROSH. (S)
יטזְכׇר־עׇנְיִ֥י וּמְרוּדִ֖י לַעֲנָ֥ה וָרֹֽאשׁ׃
20Whenever I thought of them, I was bowed low.
za-KHOR tiz-KOR (v'ta-SHI-akh) [v'-ta-SHO-akh] a-LAI naf-SHI. (SeLaH)
כזָכ֣וֹר תִּזְכּ֔וֹר (ותשיח) [וְתָשׁ֥וֹחַ] עָלַ֖י נַפְשִֽׁי׃
21But this do I call to mind, Therefore I have hope:
ZOT a-SHEEV el li-BEE al-KEN o-KHEEL. (Selah)
כאזֹ֛את אָשִׁ֥יב אֶל־לִבִּ֖י עַל־כֵּ֥ן אוֹחִֽיל׃
22The kindness of Hashem has not ended, His mercies are not spent.
khas-DEI a-do-NAI kee lo-tam-NU, kee lo-kha-LOO ra-kha-MAV. (SeLaH)
כבחַֽסְדֵ֤י יְהֹוָה֙ כִּ֣י לֹא־תָ֔מְנוּ כִּ֥י לֹא־כָל֖וּ רַחֲמָֽיו׃
23They are renewed every morning— Ample is Your grace!
cha-DA-shim la-b'-ka-REEM ra-BAH e-mu-NA-te-KHA. (S)
כגחֲדָשִׁים֙ לַבְּקָרִ֔ים רַבָּ֖ה אֱמוּנָתֶֽךָ׃
24“Hashem is my portion,” I say with full heart; Therefore will I hope in Him.
khe-LE-kee a-do-NAI a-m'-RAH naf-SHEE al-KEN o-KHEEL LO. (Selah)
כדחֶלְקִ֤י יְהֹוָה֙ אָמְרָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֔י עַל־כֵּ֖ן אוֹחִ֥יל לֽוֹ׃
25Hashem is good to those who trust in Him, To the one who seeks Him;
TOV a-do-NAI l'-ko-VA-v l'-NE-fesh tid-RE-she-NU. (SE-la)
כהט֤וֹב יְהֹוָה֙ לְקֹוָ֔ו לְנֶ֖פֶשׁ תִּדְרְשֶֽׁנּוּ׃
26It is good to wait patiently Till rescue comes from Hashem.
TOV v'-ya-KHEEL v'-du-MAM lit-SHU-a-at a-do-NAI. (Selah)
כוט֤וֹב וְיָחִיל֙ וְדוּמָ֔ם לִתְשׁוּעַ֖ת יְהֹוָֽה׃
27It is good for a man, when young, To bear a yoke;
TOV la-GE-ver KEE yee-SA OL bin-u-RAV. (Selah)
כזט֣וֹב לַגֶּ֔בֶר כִּֽי־יִשָּׂ֥א עֹ֖ל בִּנְעוּרָֽיו׃
28Let him sit alone and be patient, When He has laid it upon him.
ye-SHEV ba-DAD v'-yi-DOM, KEE na-TAL a-LAV. (Selah)
כחיֵשֵׁ֤ב בָּדָד֙ וְיִדֹּ֔ם כִּ֥י נָטַ֖ל עָלָֽיו׃
29Let him put his mouth to the dust— There may yet be hope.
YIT-ten be-a-FAR pee-HU, u-LAI YAYSH tik-VAH. (S)
כטיִתֵּ֤ן בֶּֽעָפָר֙ פִּ֔יהוּ אוּלַ֖י יֵ֥שׁ תִּקְוָֽה׃
30Let him offer his cheek to the smiter; Let him be surfeited with mockery.
YIT-ten l'-ma-KE-hu le-KHEE yis-BA b'-kher-PAH. (S)
ליִתֵּ֧ן לְמַכֵּ֛הוּ לֶ֖חִי יִשְׂבַּ֥ע בְּחֶרְפָּֽה׃
31For Hashem does not Reject forever,
KEE LO yiz-NAKH l'-o-LAM a-do-NAI
לאכִּ֣י לֹ֥א יִזְנַ֛ח לְעוֹלָ֖ם אֲדֹנָֽי׃
3:31 For the Lord does not reject forever

Abba Eban (1915-2002)
Throughout the many episodes of persecution, Jews have remembered the critical message of this verse: The suffering of the Jewish people will not be eternal. Already in the days of Moshe, Hashem assured His people that though they may face His wrath and anger, though He may send nations to oppress them, they will always remain His chosen nation. Their suffering will eventually come to an end, and Hashem will redeem His people, as it says: “Yet, even then, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject them or spurn them so as to destroy them, annulling My covenant with them: for I Hashem am their God” (Leviticus 26:44). To the contrary, “I will remember My covenant with Yaakov; I will remember also My covenant with Yitzchak, and also My covenant with Avraham I will remember; and I will remember the land” (Leviticus 26:42). Indeed, after years of persecution and suffering, the Jewish people are thriving and the Land of Israel is flourishing, thus demonstrating the eternal truth of this verse.
32But first afflicts, then pardons In His abundant kindness.
ki im-ho-GAH v'-ri-KHAM k'-rov kha-sa-DAV. (S)
לבכִּ֣י אִם־הוֹגָ֔ה וְרִחַ֖ם כְּרֹ֥ב חֲסָדָֽיו׃
33For He does not willfully bring grief Or affliction to man,
ki lo i-NAH mi-li-VO va-ya-GEH b'-nay EESH. (S)
לגכִּ֣י לֹ֤א עִנָּה֙ מִלִּבּ֔וֹ וַיַּגֶּ֖ה בְּנֵי־אִֽישׁ׃
34Crushing under His feet All the prisoners of the earth.
l'-da-KAY ta-KHAT rag-LAV kol a-see-RAY a-RETZ. (Selah)
לדלְדַכֵּא֙ תַּ֣חַת רַגְלָ֔יו כֹּ֖ל אֲסִ֥ירֵי אָֽרֶץ׃
35To deny a man his rights In the presence of the Most High,
l'-ha-TOT mish-PAT ga-VER NE-ged pe-NAY e-LYON. (S)
להלְהַטּוֹת֙ מִשְׁפַּט־גָּ֔בֶר נֶ֖גֶד פְּנֵ֥י עֶלְיֽוֹן׃
36To wrong a man in his cause— This Hashem does not choose.
l'-a-VET a-DAM b'-ree-VO a-do-NAI lo ra-AH. (Selah)
לולְעַוֵּ֤ת אָדָם֙ בְּרִיב֔וֹ אֲדֹנָ֖י לֹ֥א רָאָֽה׃
37Whose decree was ever fulfilled, Unless Hashem willed it?
mi ZEH a-MAR va-TE-hee a-do-NAI lo tzi-VAH. (Selah)
לזמִ֣י זֶ֤ה אָמַר֙ וַתֶּ֔הִי אֲדֹנָ֖י לֹ֥א צִוָּֽה׃
38Is it not at the word of the Most High, That weal and woe befall?
mi-PI el-YON lo te-TZE ha-ra-OT v'-ha-TOV. (S)
לחמִפִּ֤י עֶלְיוֹן֙ לֹ֣א תֵצֵ֔א הָרָע֖וֹת וְהַטּֽוֹב׃
39Of what shall a living man complain? Each one of his own sins!
mah yit-o-NEN a-DAM cha-YE GE-ver al cha-ta-AV. (selah)
לטמַה־יִּתְאוֹנֵן֙ אָדָ֣ם חָ֔י גֶּ֖בֶר עַל־חֲטָאָֽו׃
40Let us search and examine our ways, And turn back to Hashem;
na-ch'p'-SAH d'-ra-KHE-nu v'-na-ch'-ko-RAH v'-na-SHU-vah ad a-do-NAI. (Selah)
מנַחְפְּשָׂ֤ה דְרָכֵ֙ינוּ֙ וְֽנַחְקֹ֔רָה וְנָשׁ֖וּבָה עַד־יְהֹוָֽה׃
41Let us lift up our hearts with our hands To Hashem in heaven:
ni-SA l'-va-VE-nu el ka-PA-yim el AYL ba-sha-MA-yim. (Selah)
מאנִשָּׂ֤א לְבָבֵ֙נוּ֙ אֶל־כַּפָּ֔יִם אֶל־אֵ֖ל בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃
42We have transgressed and rebelled, And You have not forgiven.
NAKH-NOO fa-SHA-an-OO u-ma-REE-noo, a-TAH lo sa-LAkh-ta.
מבנַ֤חְנוּ פָשַׁ֙עְנוּ֙ וּמָרִ֔ינוּ אַתָּ֖ה לֹ֥א סָלָֽחְתָּ׃
43You have clothed Yourself in anger and pursued us, You have slain without pity.
sa-KO-ta ba-AF va-tir-de-FE-nu ha-RAG-ta lo kha-mal-TA.
מגסַכּ֤וֹתָה בָאַף֙ וַֽתִּרְדְּפֵ֔נוּ הָרַ֖גְתָּ לֹ֥א חָמָֽלְתָּ׃
44You have screened Yourself off with a cloud, That no prayer may pass through.
sa-KO-ta be-a-NAN lakh me-a-VOR te-fi-LAH
מדסַכּ֤וֹתָה בֶֽעָנָן֙ לָ֔ךְ מֵעֲב֖וֹר תְּפִלָּֽה׃
45You have made us filth and refuse In the midst of the peoples.
s'-KHI u-ma-OS t'-see-MAY-nu b'-KE-rev ha-a-MEEM
מהסְחִ֧י וּמָא֛וֹס תְּשִׂימֵ֖נוּ בְּקֶ֥רֶב הָעַמִּֽים׃
46All our enemies loudly Rail against us.
pa-TZU a-LAY-nu pee-HEM kol o-y'-VAY-nu
מופָּצ֥וּ עָלֵ֛ינוּ פִּיהֶ֖ם כׇּל־אֹיְבֵֽינוּ׃
3:46 All our enemies loudly rail against us

Abba Eban (1915-2002)
Many times, the enemies of the Jewish people eagerly awaited the day when the Jews would finally meet their demise. But these plans and expectations have always been divinely foiled. This verse reflects the hatred that Israel’s enemies, both historical and contemporary, have always felt towards her. In the spring of 1967, for example, Israel’s fate seemed truly doomed. Nearly all of her neighbors sought to wipe her off the map, including Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. Here is how Abba Eban, serving at that time as Israel’s Foreign Minister, described the mood in the days leading up to the Six Day War: “There was no doubt that the howling mobs in Cairo, Damascus and Baghdad were seeing savage visions of murder and booty. Israel, for its part, had learned from Jewish history that no outrage against its men, women and children was inconceivable. Many things in Jewish history are too terrible to be believed, but nothing in that history is too terrible to have happened. Memories of the European slaughter were taking form and substance in countless Israeli hearts. They flowed into our room like turgid air and sat heavy on all our minds. As has always been the case, God had different plans, and the young State of Israel mightily and miraculously defeated its enemies.”
47Panic and pitfall are our lot, Death and destruction.
PA-khad va-PA-khat ha-YA la-NU ha-SHE-et v'-ha-SHA-ver. (Selah)
מזפַּ֧חַד וָפַ֛חַת הָ֥יָה לָ֖נוּ הַשֵּׁ֥את וְהַשָּֽׁבֶר׃
48My eyes shed streams of water Over the ruin of my poor people.
pal-gei-MA-yim TE-rad e-E-ni al SHE-ver bat-a-MI. (Selah)
מחפַּלְגֵי־מַ֙יִם֙ תֵּרַ֣ד עֵינִ֔י עַל־שֶׁ֖בֶר בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃
49My eyes shall flow without cease, Without respite,
EY-nee ni-g'-RAH v'-lo tid-MEH me-EYN ha-PU-got. (S)
מטעֵינִ֧י נִגְּרָ֛ה וְלֹ֥א תִדְמֶ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין הֲפֻגֽוֹת׃
50Until Hashem looks down And beholds from heaven.
ad-yash-KIF v'-ye-RE a-do-NAI mi-sha-MA-yim. (Selah)
נעַד־יַשְׁקִ֣יף וְיֵ֔רֶא יְהֹוָ֖ה מִשָּׁמָֽיִם׃
51My eyes have brought me grief Over all the maidens of my city.
EY-nee o-LE-lah l'-NAF-shee mi-KOL b'-NOT ee-REE. (S)
נאעֵינִי֙ עֽוֹלְלָ֣ה לְנַפְשִׁ֔י מִכֹּ֖ל בְּנ֥וֹת עִירִֽי׃
52My foes have snared me like a bird, Without any cause.
TZOD TZADU-NI ka-TZI-POR o-YE-VAI chi-NAM. (S)
נבצ֥וֹד צָד֛וּנִי כַּצִּפּ֖וֹר אֹיְבַ֥י חִנָּֽם׃
53They have ended my life in a pit And cast stones at me.
t'-MO-tu va-BOHR ha-YAI va-YA-du e-VEN BEE. (S)
נגצָֽמְת֤וּ בַבּוֹר֙ חַיָּ֔י וַיַּדּוּ־אֶ֖בֶן בִּֽי׃
54Waters flowed over my head; I said: I am lost!
TSA-fu-MA-yim al ro-SHEE a-mar-TEE nig-za-RE-tee. (Selah)
נדצָֽפוּ־מַ֥יִם עַל־רֹאשִׁ֖י אָמַ֥רְתִּי נִגְזָֽרְתִּי׃
55I have called on Your name, Hashem, From the depths of the Pit.
ka-RA-tee shim-KHA a-do-NAI mi-BOR ta-kh'-TI-yot. (S)
נהקָרָ֤אתִי שִׁמְךָ֙ יְהֹוָ֔ה מִבּ֖וֹר תַּחְתִּיּֽוֹת׃
56Hear my plea; Do not shut Your ear To my groan, to my cry!
KO-lee sha-MA-ta, al ta-LEM aZ-NE-kha le-ra-va-KHA-tee le-shav-A-tee. (SE-lah)
נוקוֹלִ֖י שָׁמָ֑עְתָּ אַל־תַּעְלֵ֧ם אׇזְנְךָ֛ לְרַוְחָתִ֖י לְשַׁוְעָתִֽי׃
57You have ever drawn nigh when I called You; You have said, “Do not fear!”
ka-RAV-ta b'-YOM ek-ra-E-kha, a-mar-TA al ti-RA
נזקָרַ֙בְתָּ֙ בְּי֣וֹם אֶקְרָאֶ֔ךָּ אָמַ֖רְתָּ אַל־תִּירָֽא׃
58You championed my cause, O Hashem, You have redeemed my life.
RAV-ta a-do-NAI ree-VAY naf-SHEE ga-AL-ta kha-YAI
נחרַ֧בְתָּ אֲדֹנָ֛י רִיבֵ֥י נַפְשִׁ֖י גָּאַ֥לְתָּ חַיָּֽי׃
3:58 You have redeemed my life
Indeed, God is the ultimate redeemer. Time and again, Hashem lifts the Jewish people up from the brink of destruction and depths of despair and helps them to stand upright once again. A shining example of this is the founding of the State of Israel. Merely three years following the end of the darkest period in Jewish history, when a third of world Jewry was brutally murdered and the future of the Jewish people seemed most bleak, God restored His nation to a position of dignity and strength. The significance of the founding of the State of Israel in 1948 was not just the return of the Jewish people to their homeland; it was the reestablishment of Jewish sovereignty, and the affirmation that Hashem did not break His word. He was, and remains, the redeemer of His people.
59You have seen, Hashem, the wrong done me; Oh, vindicate my right!
ra-EE-ta a-do-NAI a-va-TA-tee, sho-f'-TA mish-PA-tee. (Seh)
נטרָאִ֤יתָה יְהֹוָה֙ עַוָּ֣תָתִ֔י שׇׁפְטָ֖ה מִשְׁפָּטִֽי׃
60You have seen all their malice, All their designs against me;
ra-I-ta kol-nik-ma-TAM kol-makh-she-vo-TAM li
סרָאִ֙יתָה֙ כׇּל־נִקְמָתָ֔ם כׇּל־מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖ם לִֽי׃
61You have heard, Hashem, their taunts, All their designs against me,
sha-MA-ta kher-PA-tam a-do-NAI kol-makh-she-vo-TAM a-LAI. (selah)
סאשָׁמַ֤עְתָּ חֶרְפָּתָם֙ יְהֹוָ֔ה כׇּל־מַחְשְׁבֹתָ֖ם עָלָֽי׃
62The mouthings and pratings of my adversaries Against me all day long.
sif-TEI ka-MAI v'-heg-YO-nam a-LAI kol ha-YOM. (Selah)
סבשִׂפְתֵ֤י קָמַי֙ וְהֶגְיוֹנָ֔ם עָלַ֖י כׇּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃
63See how, at their ease or at work, I am the butt of their gibes.
shiv-TAM v'-ki-MA-tam ha-BI-ta a-NEE mang-ee-NA-tam. (S)
סגשִׁבְתָּ֤ם וְקִֽימָתָם֙ הַבִּ֔יטָה אֲנִ֖י מַנְגִּינָתָֽם׃
64Give them, Hashem, their deserts According to their deeds.
ta-SHEEV la-HEM g'-MUL a-do-NAI k'-ma-a-SEH y'-dei-HEM. (Selah)
סדתָּשִׁ֨יב לָהֶ֥ם גְּמ֛וּל יְהֹוָ֖ה כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיהֶֽם׃
65Give them anguish of heart; Your curse be upon them!
ti-TEN la-HEM me-gi-NAT-LEV ta-a-LAT-kha la-HEM. (S)
סהתִּתֵּ֤ן לָהֶם֙ מְגִנַּת־לֵ֔ב תַּאֲלָֽתְךָ֖ לָהֶֽם׃
66Oh, pursue them in wrath and destroy them From under the heavens of Hashem!
tiR-DOf b'-AF v'-tash-MI-dem mi-TA-khat sh'-MEI a-do-NAI.
סותִּרְדֹּ֤ף בְּאַף֙ וְתַשְׁמִידֵ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת שְׁמֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃