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TORAH
FIVE BOOKS OF MOSES
NEVI'IM
PROPHETS
KETUVIM
WRITINGS

I - Chapter 25

Translation and Transliteration of 

1Shmuel died, and all Yisrael gathered and made lament for him; and they buried him in Rama, his home. David went down to the wilderness of Paran.

vai-YAMOT she-mu-AYL, vai-yi-ka-VE-tzu kol yis-ra-AYL, vai-yis-pe-DU-lo, vai-yik-B'-ru-HU b'-vay-TO ba-ra-MAH, vai-YA-kom da-VID, vai-YAY-red el mid-BAR pa-ARAN.

אוַיָּ֣מׇת שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּקָּבְצ֤וּ כׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־ל֔וֹ וַיִּקְבְּרֻ֥הוּ בְּבֵית֖וֹ בָּרָמָ֑ה וַיָּ֣קׇם דָּוִ֔ד וַיֵּ֖רֶד אֶל־מִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָֽן׃

2There was a man in Maon whose possessions were in Carmel. The man was very wealthy; he owned three thousand sheep and a thousand goats. At the time, he was shearing his sheep in Carmel.

v'-ish b'-ma-ON u-ma-a-SE-hu va-khar-MEL v'-ha-ISH ga-DOL m'-OD v'-LO tzo-ON sh'-LO-shet a-la-FEEM v'-E-lef i-ZEEM va-Y'-hee bi-g'-ZOT et tzo-NO ba-khar-MEL

בוְאִ֨ישׁ בְּמָע֜וֹן וּמַֽעֲשֵׂ֣הוּ בַכַּרְמֶ֗ל וְהָאִישׁ֙ גָּד֣וֹל מְאֹ֔ד וְל֛וֹ צֹ֥אן שְׁלֹשֶׁת־אֲלָפִ֖ים וְאֶ֣לֶף עִזִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֛י בִּגְזֹ֥ז אֶת־צֹאנ֖וֹ בַּכַּרְמֶֽל׃

3The man's name was Naval, and his wife's name was Avigail. The woman was intelligent and beautiful, but the man, a Calebite, was a hard man and an evildoer.

v'-SHEM ha-ISH na-BAL v'-SHEM ish-TO a-vi-GAYL v'-ha-i-SHA to-VAT-se-KHEL vi-FAT to-AR v'-ha-ISH ka-SHE v'-RA ma-a-LA-LEEM v'-HU (KAL-vi) [ka-li-BI]

גוְשֵׁ֤ם הָאִישׁ֙ נָבָ֔ל וְשֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֲבִגָ֑יִל וְהָאִשָּׁ֤ה טֽוֹבַת־שֶׂ֙כֶל֙ וִ֣יפַת תֹּ֔אַר וְהָאִ֥ישׁ קָשֶׁ֛ה וְרַ֥ע מַעֲלָלִ֖ים וְה֥וּא (כלבו) [כָֽלִבִּֽי]׃

4David was in the wilderness when he heard that Naval was shearing his sheep.

vai-YISH-ma DA-vid ba-mid-BAR, KEE-go-ZEZ na-VAL et-tzo-NO

דוַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע דָּוִ֖ד בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּי־גֹזֵ֥ז נָבָ֖ל אֶת־צֹאנֽוֹ׃

5David dispatched ten young men, and David instructed the young men, “Go up to Carmel. When you come to Naval, greet him in my name.

vai-YISH-lakh da-VID a-sa-RAH ne-a-REEM, va-YO-mer da-VID la-ne-a-REEM: a-LU khar-ME-lah u-va-TEM el na-BAL, u-she-EL-TEM-lo b'-sh'-MEE l'-sha-LOM

הוַיִּשְׁלַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד עֲשָׂרָ֣ה נְעָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לַנְּעָרִ֗ים עֲל֤וּ כַרְמֶ֙לָה֙ וּבָאתֶ֣ם אֶל־נָבָ֔ל וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּם־ל֥וֹ בִשְׁמִ֖י לְשָׁלֽוֹם׃

6Say as follows: ‘To life! Greetings to you and to your household and to all that is yours!

va-a-mar-TEM KOH le-KHAI, v'-a-TAH sha-LOM u-veit-KHA sha-LOM, v'-KOL a-SHER-le-KHA sha-LOM

ווַאֲמַרְתֶּ֥ם כֹּ֖ה לֶחָ֑י וְאַתָּ֤ה שָׁלוֹם֙ וּבֵיתְךָ֣ שָׁל֔וֹם וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ שָׁלֽוֹם׃

7I hear that you are now doing your shearing. As you know, your shepherds have been with us; we did not harm them, and nothing of theirs was missing all the time they were in Carmel.

v'-a-TAH sha-MA-ti KI goz-Z'-ZIM LAKH a-TAH ha-RO-eem a-SHER L'-KHA ha-YU i-MAN-u LO he-kla-M'-NUM v'-LO ni-f'-KAD la-HEM m'-U-MA kol y'-MEI he-YO-tam ba-kar-MEL

זוְעַתָּ֣ה שָׁמַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֥י גֹזְזִ֖ים לָ֑ךְ עַתָּ֗ה הָרֹעִ֤ים אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֙ הָי֣וּ עִמָּ֔נוּ לֹ֣א הֶכְלַמְנ֗וּם וְלֹֽא־נִפְקַ֤ד לָהֶם֙ מְא֔וּמָה כׇּל־יְמֵ֖י הֱיוֹתָ֥ם בַּכַּרְמֶֽל׃

8Ask your young men and they will tell you. So receive these young men graciously, for we have come on a festive occasion. Please give your servants and your son David whatever you can.'”

SH'-al et n'-a-RE-kha v'-ya-gi-DU lakh v'-yim-tz'-U ha-n'-a-REEM KHEYN b'-ay-NE-kha, KEE al YOM tov BA-nu, t'-NA-na ET a-SHER tim-TZA yad-KHA la-a-va-DE-kha u-l'-vi-N'-KHA l'-da-VID

חשְׁאַ֨ל אֶת־נְעָרֶ֜יךָ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֗ךְ וְיִמְצְא֨וּ הַנְּעָרִ֥ים חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ כִּֽי־עַל־י֥וֹם ט֖וֹב בָּ֑נוּ תְּנָה־נָּ֗א אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֤א יָֽדְךָ֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּלְבִנְךָ֖ לְדָוִֽד׃

9David's young men went and delivered this message to Naval in the name of David. When they stopped speaking,

va-ya-VO-u na-a-RAY da-VID va-y'-da-B'-ru el na-VAL k'-KOL ha-d'-va-REEM ha-E-leh b'-SHEM da-VID va-ya-NU-khu

טוַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ נַעֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַיְדַבְּר֧וּ אֶל־נָבָ֛ל כְּכׇל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה בְּשֵׁ֣ם דָּוִ֑ד וַיָּנֽוּחוּ׃

10Naval answered David's servants, “Who is David? Who is the son of Yishai? There are many slaves nowadays who run away from their masters.

vai-YA-an na-VAL et a-v'-DAY da-VID va-YO-mer, mee da-VID u-mee ben yish-AI? ha-YOM ra-VU a-va-DEEM ha-mit-pa-R'-TZIM, eesh mi-p'-NAY a-do-NAV

יוַיַּ֨עַן נָבָ֜ל אֶת־עַבְדֵ֤י דָוִד֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר מִ֥י דָוִ֖ד וּמִ֣י בֶן־יִשָׁ֑י הַיּוֹם֙ רַבּ֣וּ עֲבָדִ֔ים הַמִּתְפָּ֣רְצִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ מִפְּנֵ֥י אֲדֹנָֽיו׃

11Should I then take my bread and my water, and the meat that I slaughtered for my own shearers, and give them to men who come from I don't know where?”

v'-la-KAHTI et-lakh-MEE v'-et-may-MAI v'-ET ti-v'-KHA-TEE a-SHER ta-va-KH'-TEE l'-goz-ZA-zi v'-na-TA-tee la-a-na-SHEEM a-SHER lo ya-da-TEE AY mi-ZEH he-MAH

יאוְלָקַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־לַחְמִי֙ וְאֶת־מֵימַ֔י וְאֵת֙ טִבְחָתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר טָבַ֖חְתִּי לְגֹזְזָ֑י וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ לַאֲנָשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה הֵֽמָּה׃

12Thereupon David's young men retraced their steps; and when they got back, they told him all this.

vai-ya-HAF-khu na-a-RAY da-VID l'-dar-KAM, vai-YA-shu-VU vai-ya-VO-u, vai-ya-GI-du LO k'-KOL ha-d'-va-REEM ha-E-leh

יבוַיַּהַפְכ֥וּ נַעֲרֵֽי־דָוִ֖ד לְדַרְכָּ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ וַיָּבֹ֔אוּ וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ ל֔וֹ כְּכֹ֖ל הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃

13And David said to his men, “Gird on your swords.” Each girded on his sword; David too girded on his sword. About four hundred men went up after David, while two hundred remained with the baggage.

vai-YO-mer da-VID la-a-na-SHAI-kha, khig-ROO, EESH et-khar-VO, va-ya-KH'-ru EESH et-khar-VO, va-ya-KH'-gor gam da-VID et-khar-VO, va-ya-a-LU a-kha-RAY da-VID, k'-ar-BA me-OT EESH, u-ma-ta-YIM ya-SHE-vu al ha-KE-leem

יגוַיֹּ֩אמֶר֩ דָּוִ֨ד לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חִגְר֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־חַרְבּ֗וֹ וַֽיַּחְגְּרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־חַרְבּ֔וֹ וַיַּחְגֹּ֥ר גַּם־דָּוִ֖ד אֶת־חַרְבּ֑וֹ וַֽיַּעֲל֣וּ ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י דָוִ֗ד כְּאַרְבַּ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ אִ֔ישׁ וּמָאתַ֖יִם יָשְׁב֥וּ עַל־הַכֵּלִֽים׃

14One of [Naval's] young men told Avigail, Naval's wife, that David had sent messengers from the wilderness to greet their master, and that he had spurned them.

v'-la-a-vee-GAYL e-SHET na-BAL hi-GID na-ar E-khad me-ha-ne-a-REEM lay-MOR hi-NEH sha-LAKH da-VID mal-a-KHEEM me-ha-mid-BAR l'-va-REKH et a-do-NAY-nu va-yaa-AT ba-HEM

ידוְלַאֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת נָבָ֔ל הִגִּ֧יד נַֽעַר־אֶחָ֛ד מֵהַנְּעָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר הִנֵּ֣ה שָׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד מַלְאָכִ֧ים ׀ מֵהַמִּדְבָּ֛ר לְבָרֵ֥ךְ אֶת־אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּ וַיָּ֥עַט בָּהֶֽם׃

15“But the men had been very friendly to us; we were not harmed, nor did we miss anything all the time that we went about with them while we were in the open.

v'-ha-a-na-SHEEM to-VIM LA-nu me-OD, v'-LO hokh-la-M'-NU, v'-LO fa-ka-D'-NU me-U-ma, kol y'-MAY hit-ha-LAKH-NU i-TAM bi-h'-yo-TAY-nu ba-sa-DEH

טווְהָ֣אֲנָשִׁ֔ים טֹבִ֥ים לָ֖נוּ מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹ֤א הׇכְלַ֙מְנוּ֙ וְלֹֽא־פָקַ֣דְנֽוּ מְא֔וּמָה כׇּל־יְמֵי֙ הִתְהַלַּ֣כְנוּ אִתָּ֔ם בִּֽהְיוֹתֵ֖נוּ בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃

16They were a wall about us both by night and by day all the time that we were with them tending the flocks.

KHO-mah ha-YU a-LE-nu gam-la-y'-LA gam-yo-MAM kol-ye-MAY he-yo-TE-nu i-MA-m ro-EEM ha-TZO-an

טזחוֹמָה֙ הָי֣וּ עָלֵ֔ינוּ גַּם־לַ֖יְלָה גַּם־יוֹמָ֑ם כׇּל־יְמֵ֛י הֱיוֹתֵ֥נוּ עִמָּ֖ם רֹעִ֥ים הַצֹּֽאן׃

17So consider carefully what you should do, for harm threatens our master and all his household; he is such a nasty fellow that no one can speak to him.”

v'-a-TAH d'-EE u-r'-EE mah-ta-a-SEE, kee-khol-TAH ha-ra-AH el a-do-NAY-nu v'-al kol-bay-TO, v'-HU ben b'-lee-YA-al mi-da-BAYR ay-LAV.

יזוְעַתָּ֗ה דְּעִ֤י וּרְאִי֙ מַֽה־תַּעֲשִׂ֔י כִּֽי־כָלְתָ֧ה הָרָעָ֛ה אֶל־אֲדֹנֵ֖ינוּ וְעַ֣ל כׇּל־בֵּית֑וֹ וְהוּא֙ בֶּן־בְּלִיַּ֔עַל מִדַּבֵּ֖ר אֵלָֽיו׃

18Avigail quickly got together two hundred loaves of bread, two jars of wine, five dressed sheep, five se'eem of parched corn, one hundred cakes of raisin, and two hundred cakes of pressed figs. She loaded them on asses,

va-t'-ma-HER (a-vi-GAYL) [a-vi-ga-YIL] va-ti-KAKH ma-ta-YIM le-KHEM u-sh'-na-YIM niv-lei-YA-yin v'-cha-MESH tzo-AN (a-su-VOT) [a-su-YOT] v'-cha-MESH s'-EEM ka-LEE u-ma-AH tzi-mu-KEEM u-ma-ta-YIM d'-ve-LEEM va-TA-sem al ha-cha-mo-REEM

יחוַתְּמַהֵ֣ר (אבוגיל) [אֲבִיגַ֡יִל] וַתִּקַּח֩ מָאתַ֨יִם לֶ֜חֶם וּשְׁנַ֣יִם נִבְלֵי־יַ֗יִן וְחָמֵ֨שׁ צֹ֤אן (עשוות) [עֲשׂוּיוֹת֙] וְחָמֵ֤שׁ סְאִים֙ קָלִ֔י וּמֵאָ֥ה צִמֻּקִ֖ים וּמָאתַ֣יִם דְּבֵלִ֑ים וַתָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־הַחֲמֹרִֽים׃

19and she told her young men, “Go on ahead of me, and I'll follow you”; but she did not tell her husband Naval.

va-TOM-er lin-a-RE-ha, i-v'-RU l'-fa-NAI, hin-NEE a-cha-RAY-khem ba-AH, u-l'-i-SHAH na-VAL lo hi-GI-dah

יטוַתֹּ֤אמֶר לִנְעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ עִבְר֣וּ לְפָנַ֔י הִנְנִ֖י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֣ם בָּאָ֑ה וּלְאִישָׁ֥הּ נָבָ֖ל לֹ֥א הִגִּֽידָה׃

20She was riding on the ass and going down a trail on the hill, when David and his men appeared, coming down toward her; and she met them.—

v'-ha-YA hi ro-KHE-vet al ha-kha-MOR v'-yo-re-det b'-se-ter ha-HAR v'-hi-NEH da-VID va-a-na-SHA-yav yo-re-DEEM lik-ra-TA va-tif-GOSH o-TAM

כוְהָיָ֞ה הִ֣יא ׀ רֹכֶ֣בֶת עַֽל־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וְיֹרֶ֙דֶת֙ בְּסֵ֣תֶר הָהָ֔ר וְהִנֵּ֤ה דָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו יֹרְדִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑הּ וַתִּפְגֹ֖שׁ אֹתָֽם׃

21Now David had been saying, “It was all for nothing that I protected that fellow's possessions in the wilderness, and that nothing he owned is missing. He has paid me back evil for good.

v'-da-VID a-MAR akh la-SHE-ker sha-MAR-tee et-KOL a-SHER la-ZEH ba-mid-BAR v'-lo-nif-KAD mi-KOL a-SHER-lo m'-U-MA va-YA-shev-LEE ra-AH ta-KHAT to-VAH

כאוְדָוִ֣ד אָמַ֗ר אַךְ֩ לַשֶּׁ֨קֶר שָׁמַ֜רְתִּי אֶֽת־כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר לָזֶה֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְלֹא־נִפְקַ֥ד מִכׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ מְא֑וּמָה וַיָּשֶׁב־לִ֥י רָעָ֖ה תַּ֥חַת טוֹבָֽה׃

22May Hashem do thus and more to the enemies of David if, by the light of morning, I leave a single male of his.”—

ko-YA-a-SEH e-lo-HEEM l'-o-y'-VAY da-VEED v'-ko YO-seef im ash-EER mi-KOL a-SHER-lo ad ha-BO-ker mash-TEEN b'-KEER

כבכֹּה־יַעֲשֶׂ֧ה אֱלֹהִ֛ים לְאֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֑יף אִם־אַשְׁאִ֧יר מִכׇּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ עַד־הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃

23When Avigail saw David, she quickly dismounted from the ass and threw herself face down before David, bowing to the ground.

va-TE-re a-vee-GAYL et da-VID va-te-ma-HER va-TE-red me-al ha-cha-MOR va-TI-pol l'-a-PE da-VID al-PA-ne-HA va-tish-TA-chu a-RETZ

כגוַתֵּ֤רֶא אֲבִיגַ֙יִל֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד וַתְּמַהֵ֕ר וַתֵּ֖רֶד מֵעַ֣ל הַחֲמ֑וֹר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל לְאַפֵּ֤י דָוִד֙ עַל־פָּנֶ֔יהָ וַתִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָֽרֶץ׃

24Prostrate at his feet, she pleaded, “Let the blame be mine, my lord, but let your handmaid speak to you; hear your maid's plea.

va-TI-pol al-rag-LAV va-TO-mer bi-a-NEE a-do-NEE he-a-VON u-te-da-BER-na a-mat-KHA b'-o-z'-NE-kha u-sh'-MA et di-v'-RE a-ma-TE-kha

כדוַתִּפֹּל֙ עַל־רַגְלָ֔יו וַתֹּ֕אמֶר בִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י הֶעָוֺ֑ן וּֽתְדַבֶּר־נָ֤א אֲמָֽתְךָ֙ בְּאׇזְנֶ֔יךָ וּשְׁמַ֕ע אֵ֖ת דִּבְרֵ֥י אֲמָתֶֽךָ׃

25Please, my lord, pay no attention to that wretched fellow Naval. For he is just what his name says: His name means ‘boor' and he is a boor. “Your handmaid did not see the young men whom my lord sent.

al-NA ya-SIM a-do-NEE et li-VO el EEsh ha-bee-lee-YA-al ha-ZEH al-NA-val keen-HU na-VAL sh'-MO u-na-VA-la i-MO va-a-NEE a-ma-TE-kha lo ra-EE-tee et na-a-RAY a-do-NEE a-SHER sha-LAKH-ta

כהאַל־נָ֣א יָשִׂ֣ים אֲדֹנִ֣י ׀ אֶת־לִבּ֡וֹ אֶל־אִישׁ֩ הַבְּלִיַּ֨עַל הַזֶּ֜ה עַל־נָבָ֗ל כִּ֤י כִשְׁמוֹ֙ כֶּן־ה֔וּא נָבָ֣ל שְׁמ֔וֹ וּנְבָלָ֖ה עִמּ֑וֹ וַֽאֲנִי֙ אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ לֹ֥א רָאִ֛יתִי אֶת־נַעֲרֵ֥י אֲדֹנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלָֽחְתָּ׃

26I swear, my lord, as Hashem lives and as you live—Hashem who has kept you from seeking redress by blood with your own hands—let your enemies and all who would harm my lord fare like Naval!

v'-a-TAH a-do-NEE, khai a-do-NAI v'-khay naf-sh'-KHA, a-SHER me-na-a-KHA a-do-NAI mi-BO b'-da-MEEM v'-ho-SHE-a ya-d'-KHA LAKH, v'-a-TAH yi-H'-yu k'-na-VAL oy-VE-kha v'-ha-m'-va-k'-SHEEM el a-do-NEE ra-AH

כווְעַתָּ֣ה אֲדֹנִ֗י חַי־יְהֹוָ֤ה וְחֵֽי־נַפְשְׁךָ֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר מְנָעֲךָ֤ יְהֹוָה֙ מִבּ֣וֹא בְדָמִ֔ים וְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ יָדְךָ֖ לָ֑ךְ וְעַתָּ֗ה יִֽהְי֤וּ כְנָבָל֙ אֹֽיְבֶ֔יךָ וְהַֽמְבַקְשִׁ֥ים אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֖י רָעָֽה׃

27Here is the present which your maidservant has brought to my lord; let it be given to the young men who are the followers of my lord.

v'-a-TAH ha-b'-ra-KHA ha-ZOT a-SHER he-VI SHIF-kha-TE-kha la-a-do-NEE v'-ni-t'-NAH la-ne-a-REEM ha-mit-ha-l'-KHIM b'-ra-g'-LEI a-do-NEE

כזוְעַתָּה֙ הַבְּרָכָ֣ה הַזֹּ֔את אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִ֥יא שִׁפְחָתְךָ֖ לַֽאדֹנִ֑י וְנִתְּנָה֙ לַנְּעָרִ֔ים הַמִּֽתְהַלְּכִ֖ים בְּרַגְלֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃

28Please pardon your maid's boldness. For Hashem will grant my lord an enduring house, because my lord is fighting the battles of Hashem, and no wrong is ever to be found in you.

SA NA l'-FE-sha a-ma-TE-kha KEE a-soh ya-a-SEH a-do-NAI la-do-NEE BA-yit ne-e-MAN kee mil-kha-MOT a-do-NAI a-do-NEE nil-KHAM v'-ra-AH lo ti-ma-TZAY v'-KHA mi-ya-ME-kha

כחשָׂ֥א נָ֖א לְפֶ֣שַׁע אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ כִּ֣י עָשֹֽׂה־יַעֲשֶׂה֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה לַאדֹנִ֜י בַּ֣יִת נֶאֱמָ֗ן כִּֽי־מִלְחֲמ֤וֹת יְהֹוָה֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י נִלְחָ֔ם וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א בְךָ֖ מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃

25:28   Because my lord is fighting the battles of Hashem

Israel Defense Forces insignia

Metzudat David explains that the prophetess Avigail is warning David that he should kill only if necessary as part of Hashem’s wars against enemies such as the Philistines, but not in order to exact revenge. This is one of the foundations of Jewish military ethics: The people of Israel are required to fight wars only to defend themselves and to strengthen the Promised Land. The State of Israel follows this biblical mandate, as can be seen even in the name given to the Israeli army: The Israel Defense Forces, or in Hebrew, Tz’va HaHaganah L’Yisrael (צבא ההגנה לישראל).

29And if anyone sets out to pursue you and seek your life, the life of my lord will be bound up in the bundle of life in the care of Hashem; but He will fling away the lives of your enemies as from the hollow of a sling.

vai-YA-kom a-DAM lir-do-F'KHA u-l'-va-KAYSH et-NAF-she-KHA v'-ha-Y'-ta NE-fesh a-do-NEE t'-ru-RAH bi-t'-ZOR ha-cha-YEEM, et a-do-NAI e-lo-HE-kha v'-et NE-fesh oy-VE-kha y'-ka-l'-E-nah b'-toch KAF ha-ka-LA.

כטוַיָּ֤קׇם אָדָם֙ לִרְדׇפְךָ֔ וּלְבַקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וְֽהָיְתָה֩ נֶ֨פֶשׁ אֲדֹנִ֜י צְרוּרָ֣ה ׀ בִּצְר֣וֹר הַחַיִּ֗ים אֵ֚ת יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ וְאֵ֨ת נֶ֤פֶשׁ אֹיְבֶ֙יךָ֙ יְקַלְּעֶ֔נָּה בְּת֖וֹךְ כַּ֥ף הַקָּֽלַע׃

30And when Hashem has accomplished for my lord all the good He has promised you, and has appointed you ruler of Yisrael,

v'-ha-YA ki-ya-a-SEH a-do-NAI k'-KOL a-SHER di-BER et ha-TO-va a-LE-kha v'-tzi-v'-KHA l'-na-GID al yis-ra-AYL

לוְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה יְהֹוָה֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אֶת־הַטּוֹבָ֖ה עָלֶ֑יךָ וְצִוְּךָ֥ לְנָגִ֖יד עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

31do not let this be a cause of stumbling and of faltering courage to my lord that you have shed blood needlessly and that my lord sought redress with his own hands. And when Hashem has prospered my lord, remember your maid.”

v'-LO ti-HE-yeh ZOT l'-KHA l'-fu-KAH u-l'-mikh-SHOL layv la-a-do-NEE v'-lish-POKH-dam khee-NAM u-l'-ho-SHEE-a a-do-NEE LO v'-he-TIV a-do-NAI la-a-do-NEE v'-za-KHAR-ta et a-ma-TE-kha. {SE}

לאוְלֹ֣א תִהְיֶ֣ה זֹ֣את ׀ לְךָ֡ לְפוּקָה֩ וּלְמִכְשׁ֨וֹל לֵ֜ב לַאדֹנִ֗י וְלִשְׁפׇּךְ־דָּם֙ חִנָּ֔ם וּלְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֲדֹנִ֖י ל֑וֹ וְהֵיטִ֤ב יְהֹוָה֙ לַֽאדֹנִ֔י וְזָכַרְתָּ֖ אֶת־אֲמָתֶֽךָ׃

32David said to Avigail, “Praised be Hashem, the God of Yisrael, who sent you this day to meet me!

vai-YO-mer da-VID la-a-vee-GAL, ba-RUKH a-do-NAI e-lo-HAY yis-ra-AYL, a-SHER sh'-la-KHEKH ha-YOM ha-ZEH lik-ra-TEE.

לבוַיֹּ֥אמֶר דָּוִ֖ד לַאֲבִיגַ֑ל בָּר֤וּךְ יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר שְׁלָחֵ֛ךְ הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לִקְרָאתִֽי׃

33And blessed be your prudence, and blessed be you yourself for restraining me from seeking redress in blood by my own hands.

u-va-ROOKH ta-MEKH u-v'-roo-KHA a-TET a-SHER k'-lee-TEE ha-YOM ha-ZEH mi-BO b'-da-MEEM v'-ho-SHE-a ya-DEE LEE

לגוּבָר֥וּךְ טַעְמֵ֖ךְ וּבְרוּכָ֣ה אָ֑תְּ אֲשֶׁ֨ר כְּלִתִ֜נִי הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ מִבּ֣וֹא בְדָמִ֔ים וְהֹשֵׁ֥עַ יָדִ֖י לִֽי׃

34For as sure as Hashem, the God of Yisrael, lives—who has kept me from harming you—had you not come quickly to meet me, not a single male of Naval's line would have been left by daybreak.”

v'-u-LAM khai-a-do-NAI e-lo-HAY yis-ra-AYL a-SHER m'-na-A-nee me-ha-RA o-TAKH, kee loo-LAY mi-har-T'- (va-ta-BO-at) [va-ta-VO-at] lik-ra-TI, kee im-no-TAR l'-na-VAL ad-or ha-BO-ker mash-TEEN b'-KIR.

לדוְאוּלָ֗ם חַי־יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְנָעַ֔נִי מֵהָרַ֖ע אֹתָ֑ךְ כִּ֣י ׀ לוּלֵ֣י מִהַ֗רְתְּ (ותבאתי) [וַתָּבֹאת֙] לִקְרָאתִ֔י כִּ֣י אִם־נוֹתַ֧ר לְנָבָ֛ל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּ֖קֶר מַשְׁתִּ֥ין בְּקִֽיר׃

35David then accepted from her what she had brought him, and he said to her, “Go up to your home safely. See, I have heeded your plea and respected your wish.”

vai-YI-kakh DA-vid mi-ya-DAH et a-SHER he-vi-AH LO v'-LAH a-MAR a-LEE l'-sha-LOM l'-vei-TEKH re-EE sha-MA-tee v'-e-SA pa-NA-yikh

להוַיִּקַּ֤ח דָּוִד֙ מִיָּדָ֔הּ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־הֵבִ֖יאָה ל֑וֹ וְלָ֣הּ אָמַ֗ר עֲלִ֤י לְשָׁלוֹם֙ לְבֵיתֵ֔ךְ רְאִי֙ שָׁמַ֣עְתִּי בְקוֹלֵ֔ךְ וָאֶשָּׂ֖א פָּנָֽיִךְ׃

36When Avigail came home to Naval, he was having a feast in his house, a feast fit for a king; Naval was in a merry mood and very drunk, so she did not tell him anything at all until daybreak.

va-ta-VO a-vee-GAYL el-NA-val v'-hi-NEH-lo mish-TEH b'-VEY-to k'-mish-TEH ha-ME-lekh v'-LEV NA-val TOV a-LAV v'-HU shi-KOR ad-m'-OD v'-LO hi-GEE-da LO da-VAR ka-TON v'-ga-DOL ad-OR ha-BO-ker

לווַתָּבֹ֣א אֲבִיגַ֣יִל ׀ אֶל־נָבָ֡ל וְהִנֵּה־לוֹ֩ מִשְׁתֶּ֨ה בְּבֵית֜וֹ כְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְלֵ֤ב נָבָל֙ ט֣וֹב עָלָ֔יו וְה֥וּא שִׁכֹּ֖ר עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹא־הִגִּ֣ידָה לּ֗וֹ דָּבָ֥ר קָטֹ֛ן וְגָד֖וֹל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּֽקֶר׃

37The next morning, when Naval had slept off the wine, his wife told him everything that had happened; and his courage died within him, and he became like a stone.

vai-HI va-BO-ker b'-TZE-et ha-YA-yin mi-NA-val, va-TA-ged LO ish-TO et ha-d'-va-RIM ha-EL-leh, vai-MOT li-VO b'-kir-BO, v'-HU ha-YA l'-a-VEN.

לזוַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֗קֶר בְּצֵ֤את הַיַּ֙יִן֙ מִנָּבָ֔ל וַתַּגֶּד־ל֣וֹ אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיָּ֤מׇת לִבּוֹ֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וְה֖וּא הָיָ֥ה לְאָֽבֶן׃

38About ten days later Hashem struck Naval and he died.

vai-HI ka-a-SE-ret ha-YA-meem, va-yi-GOF a-do-NAI et-NA-val, va-YA-mot.

לחוַיְהִ֖י כַּעֲשֶׂ֣רֶת הַיָּמִ֑ים וַיִּגֹּ֧ף יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶת־נָבָ֖ל וַיָּמֹֽת׃

39When David heard that Naval was dead, he said, “Praised be Hashem who championed my cause against the insults of Naval and held back His servant from wrongdoing; Hashem has brought Naval's wrongdoing down on his own head.” David sent messengers to propose marriage to Avigail, to take her as his wife.

vai-YISH-ma da-VID, KEE met na-BAL, va-YO-mer BA-rukh a-do-NAI a-SHER RAV et-REEV kher-pa-TEE mi-YAD na-BAL, v'-et aV-do kha-SHAK may-ra-AH, v'-ET ra-AT na-BAL he-SHEEV a-do-NAI b'-RO-sho, vai-YISH-lakh da-VID, va-y'-da-BAYR ba-a-vee-GAYL l'-kaKH-ta LAH lo l'-i-SHAH

לטוַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע דָּוִד֮ כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָבָל֒ וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בָּר֣וּךְ יְהֹוָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר רָב֩ אֶת־רִ֨יב חֶרְפָּתִ֜י מִיַּ֣ד נָבָ֗ל וְאֶת־עַבְדּוֹ֙ חָשַׂ֣ךְ מֵרָעָ֔ה וְאֵת֙ רָעַ֣ת נָבָ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב יְהֹוָ֖ה בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח דָּוִד֙ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר בַּאֲבִיגַ֔יִל לְקַחְתָּ֥הּ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

40When David's servants came to Avigail at Carmel and told her that David had sent them to her to make her his wife,

va-ya-VOU av-DAY da-VID el a-vee-GAYL ha-KAR-me-LAH va-y'-da-B'-RU e-LE-ha lay-MOR: da-VID she-la-KHA-nu e-LA-yikh l'-ka-kh'-TEKH lo l'-i-SHAH

מוַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַבְדֵ֥י דָוִ֛ד אֶל־אֲבִיגַ֖יִל הַכַּרְמֶ֑לָה וַיְדַבְּר֤וּ אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּוִד֙ שְׁלָחָ֣נוּ אֵלַ֔יִךְ לְקַחְתֵּ֥ךְ ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

41she immediately bowed low with her face to the ground and said, “Your handmaid is ready to be your maidservant, to wash the feet of my lord's servants.”

va-TA-kom va-tish-TA-khu a-PA-yim or-TZA va-TO-mer hi-NEH a-ma-TE-kha l'-shif-KHAH lir-KHOTZ rag-LAY av-DAY a-do-NAI

מאוַתָּ֕קׇם וַתִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָ֑רְצָה וַתֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּ֤ה אֲמָֽתְךָ֙ לְשִׁפְחָ֔ה לִרְחֹ֕ץ רַגְלֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃

42Then Avigail rose quickly and mounted an ass, and with five of her maids in attendance she followed David's messengers; and she became his wife.

va-TE-ma-HER va-TA-kam a-vee-GAYL va-tir-KAV al ha-kha-MOR v'-kha-MESH na-a-RO-te-HA ha-hol-KOT l'-ra-G'-LAH va-TE-lekh a-kha-RAY mal-a-KHEI da-VID va-TE-hee-lo l'-i-SHAH

מבוַתְּמַהֵ֞ר וַתָּ֣קׇם אֲבִיגַ֗יִל וַתִּרְכַּב֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וְחָמֵשׁ֙ נַעֲרֹתֶ֔יהָ הַהֹלְכ֖וֹת לְרַגְלָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֗לֶךְ אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מַלְאֲכֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

43Now David had taken Ahinoam of Yizrael; so both of them became his wives.

v'-et a-khi-NO-am la-KAKH da-VID mi-yiz-re-A-EL va-ti-HE-y'-NA gam sh'-tay-HEN lo l'-na-SHEEM

מגוְאֶת־אֲחִינֹ֛עַם לָקַ֥ח דָּוִ֖ד מִֽיִּזְרְעֶ֑אל וַתִּהְיֶ֛יןָ גַּֽם־שְׁתֵּיהֶ֥ן ל֖וֹ לְנָשִֽׁים׃

44Shaul had given his daughter Michal, David's wife, to Palti son of Laish from Gallim.

v'-sha-UL na-TAN et mi-KHAL bi-TO e-SHET da-VID l'-fal-TEE ben-la-YISH a-SHER mi-ga-LIM

מדוְשָׁא֗וּל נָתַ֛ן אֶת־מִיכַ֥ל בִּתּ֖וֹ אֵ֣שֶׁת דָּוִ֑ד לְפַלְטִ֥י בֶן־לַ֖יִשׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִגַּלִּֽים׃