TORAH
FIVE BOOKS OF MOSES
NEVI'IM
PROPHETS
KETUVIM
WRITINGS
I - Chapter 22
Translation and Transliteration of
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1David departed from there and escaped to the cave of Adulam; and when his brothers and all his father's house heard, they joined him down there.
vai-YAY-lekh da-VID mi-SHAM vai-yi-ma-LET el me-a-RAT a-DU-lam vai-yish-MU e-KHAV v'-KOL bayt a-VEEV vai-YER-du e-LAV sha-MAH
אוַיֵּ֤לֶךְ דָּוִד֙ מִשָּׁ֔ם וַיִּמָּלֵ֖ט אֶל־מְעָרַ֣ת עֲדֻלָּ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּ אֶחָיו֙ וְכׇל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו וַיֵּרְד֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו שָֽׁמָּה׃
2Everyone who was in straits and everyone who was in debt and everyone who was desperate joined him, and he became their leader; there were about four hundred men with him.
vai-yit-ka-B'-tzu e-LA-yu kol EESH ma-TZOK v'-kol EESH a-SHER-lo NO-she v'-kol EESH mar-NE-fesh va-Y'-hi a-LAY-hem l'-SAR va-y'-hi-u i-MO k'-ar-BA me-OT EESH
בוַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּ אֵ֠לָ֠יו כׇּל־אִ֨ישׁ מָצ֜וֹק וְכׇל־אִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־ל֤וֹ נֹשֶׁא֙ וְכׇל־אִ֣ישׁ מַר־נֶ֔פֶשׁ וַיְהִ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְשָׂ֑ר וַיִּהְי֣וּ עִמּ֔וֹ כְּאַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת אִֽישׁ׃
3David went from there to Mizpeh of Moab, and he said to the king of Moab, “Let my father and mother come [and stay] with you, until I know what Hashem will do for me.”
vai-YAY-lekh da-VID mi-SHAM mitz-PEH mo-AV, vai-YO-mer el me-LEKH mo-AV: ye-TZE na a-VEE v'-i-MEE it-KHEM, ad a-SHER ay-DAH mah ya-a-SEH-LEE e-lo-HEEM.
גוַיֵּ֧לֶךְ דָּוִ֛ד מִשָּׁ֖ם מִצְפֵּ֣ה מוֹאָ֑ב וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֗ב יֵֽצֵא־נָ֞א אָבִ֤י וְאִמִּי֙ אִתְּכֶ֔ם עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֵדַ֔ע מַה־יַּעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֖י אֱלֹהִֽים׃
4So he led them to the king of Moab, and they stayed with him as long as David remained in the stronghold.
vai-YAN-khem et p'-NAY me-LEKH mo-AV, vai-YAY-sh'-VU i-MO kol y'-MAY he-YOT da-VID ba-m'-Tzu-DAH.
דוַיַּנְחֵ֕ם אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֑ב וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ עִמּ֔וֹ כׇּל־יְמֵ֥י הֱיוֹת־דָּוִ֖ד בַּמְּצוּדָֽה׃
5But the Navi Gad said to David, “Do not stay in the stronghold; go at once to the territory of Yehuda.” So David left and went to the forest of Hereth.
vai-YO-mer gad ha-na-VEE el da-VID, lo tay-SHEV ba-m'-tzu-DAH, LEKH u-va-ATa LE-kha e-RETZ y'-hu-DAH, vai-YE-lekh da-VID vai-ya-VO ya-AR kha-RET.
הוַיֹּ֩אמֶר֩ גָּ֨ד הַנָּבִ֜יא אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תֵשֵׁב֙ בַּמְּצוּדָ֔ה לֵ֥ךְ וּבָֽאתָ־לְּךָ֖ אֶ֣רֶץ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֔ד וַיָּבֹ֖א יַ֥עַר חָֽרֶת׃
6When Shaul heard that David and the men with him had been located—Shaul was then in Giva, sitting under the tamarisk tree on the height, spear in hand, with all his courtiers in attendance upon him—
vai-YISH-ma SHA-ul KEE no-DAV, va-a-NA-sheem a-SHER i-TO, va-SHA-ul yo-SHEV ba-gi-BAH ta-KHAT ha-e-SHEL ba-ra-MAH, va-kha-NEE-to b'-ya-DO, v'-KOL a-va-DAV ni-TZA-VEEM a-LAV
ווַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע שָׁא֔וּל כִּ֚י נוֹדַ֣ע דָּוִ֔ד וַאֲנָשִׁ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֑וֹ וְשָׁאוּל֩ יוֹשֵׁ֨ב בַּגִּבְעָ֜ה תַּֽחַת־הָאֶ֤שֶׁל בָּֽרָמָה֙ וַחֲנִית֣וֹ בְיָד֔וֹ וְכׇל־עֲבָדָ֖יו נִצָּבִ֥ים עָלָֽיו׃
7Shaul said to the courtiers standing about him, “Listen, men of Binyamin! Will the son of Yishai give fields and vineyards to every one of you? And will he make all of you captains of thousands or captains of hundreds?
vai-YO-mer sha-UL la-a-va-DAV ha-ni-tza-VEEM a-LAV shim-U-NA b'-NAY ye-mi-NEE gam l'-khu-l'-KHEM yi-TAYN ben yish-AI sa-DOT u-k'-ra-MEEM l'-khu-l'-KHEM ya-SEEM sa-REI a-la-FEEM v'-sa-REI me-OT
זוַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֗וּל לַֽעֲבָדָיו֙ הַנִּצָּבִ֣ים עָלָ֔יו שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֖א בְּנֵ֣י יְמִינִ֑י גַּם־לְכֻלְּכֶ֗ם יִתֵּ֤ן בֶּן־יִשַׁי֙ שָׂד֣וֹת וּכְרָמִ֔ים לְכֻלְּכֶ֣ם יָשִׂ֔ים שָׂרֵ֥י אֲלָפִ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י מֵאֽוֹת׃
8Is that why all of you have conspired against me? For no one informs me when my own son makes a pact with the son of Yishai; no one is concerned for me and no one informs me when my own son has set my servant in ambush against me, as is now the case.”
ki k'-shar-TEM ku-L'-khem a-LAI v'-AYN go-LEH et aZ-NEE bikh-RAT b'-NEE im ben yish-AI v'-AYN kho-LEH mi-KHEM a-LAI v'-go-LEH et aZ-NEE ki he-KIM b'-NEE et aV-dee a-LAI l'-o-REV ka-YOM ha-ZEH. (s)
חכִּי֩ קְשַׁרְתֶּ֨ם כֻּלְּכֶ֜ם עָלַ֗י וְאֵין־גֹּלֶ֤ה אֶת־אׇזְנִי֙ בִּכְרׇת־בְּנִ֣י עִם־בֶּן־יִשַׁ֔י וְאֵין־חֹלֶ֥ה מִכֶּ֛ם עָלַ֖י וְגֹלֶ֣ה אֶת־אׇזְנִ֑י כִּ֣י הֵקִים֩ בְּנִ֨י אֶת־עַבְדִּ֥י עָלַ֛י לְאֹרֵ֖ב כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃
9Doeg Ha'adomi, who was standing among the courtiers of Shaul, spoke up: “I saw the son of Yishai come to Achimelech son of Achituv at Nov.
vai-YA-an DO-eg ha-a-DO-mee, v'-HU ni-TZAV al a-v'-DAY sha-UL, vai-YO-mer: ra-EE-tee et ben yish-AI ba-NO-VEH el a-khi-ME-lekh ben a-khi-TOV
טוַיַּ֜עַן דֹּאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִ֗י וְה֛וּא נִצָּ֥ב עַל־עַבְדֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל וַיֹּאמַ֑ר רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־בֶּן־יִשַׁ֔י בָּ֣א נֹ֔בֶה אֶל־אֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְ בֶּן־אֲחִטֽוּב׃
10He inquired of Hashem on his behalf and gave him provisions; he also gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine.”
vai-yish-AL-lo ba-do-NAI v'-tzei-DA na-TAN LO, v'-AYT khe-REV gol-YAT ha-p'-lish-TEE na-TAN LO
יוַיִּשְׁאַל־לוֹ֙ בַּֽיהֹוָ֔ה וְצֵידָ֖ה נָ֣תַן ל֑וֹ וְאֵ֗ת חֶ֛רֶב גׇּלְיָ֥ת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י נָ֥תַן לֽוֹ׃
11Thereupon the king sent for the Kohen Achimelech son of Achituv and for all the Kohanim belonging to his father's house at Nov. They all came to the king,
vai-YISH-lakh ha-ME-lekh lik-RO et a-khi-ME-lekh ben a-khi-TOOV ha-ko-HAYN v'-ET kol BAYT a-VEEV ha-ko-ha-NEEM a-SHER b'-NOV va-ya-VO-u khu-LAM el ha-ME-lekh
יאוַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ לִקְרֹא֩ אֶת־אֲחִימֶ֨לֶךְ בֶּן־אֲחִיט֜וּב הַכֹּהֵ֗ן וְאֵ֨ת כׇּל־בֵּ֥ית אָבִ֛יו הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּנֹ֑ב וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ כֻלָּ֖ם אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃
12and Shaul said, “Listen to me, son of Achituv.” “Yes, my lord,” he replied.
vai-YO-mer sha-UL, sh'-MA-na ben a-khi-TOOV, vai-YO-mer hin-NEE a-do-NEE.
יבוַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֔וּל שְֽׁמַֽע־נָ֖א בֶּן־אֲחִיט֑וּב וַיֹּ֖אמֶר הִנְנִ֥י אֲדֹנִֽי׃
13And Shaul said to him, “Why have you and the son of Yishai conspired against me? You gave him food and a sword, and inquired of Hashem for him—that he may rise in ambush against me, as is now the case.”
va-YO-mer ay-LAV sha-UL LA-mah k'-shar-TEM a-LAI a-TAH u-ven yi-SHAI b'-ti-t'-KHA LO LE-khem v'-KHE-rev v'-sha-OL LO bay-lo-HEEM la-KUM ay-LAI l'-o-RAYV ka-YOM ha-ZEH
יגוַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָו֙ שָׁא֔וּל לָ֚מָּה קְשַׁרְתֶּ֣ם עָלַ֔י אַתָּ֖ה וּבֶן־יִשָׁ֑י בְּתִתְּךָ֨ ל֜וֹ לֶ֣חֶם וְחֶ֗רֶב וְשָׁא֥וֹל לוֹ֙ בֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים לָק֥וּם אֵלַ֛י לְאֹרֵ֖ב כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃
22:13 And inquired of Hashem for him
Replica of the priestly breastplate on the central Sephardic synagogue in Ramat Gan
The Urim Ve’Tumim, mystical objects in the Kohen Gadol’s breastplate, were used to receive communication from Hashem. Divine messages were transmitted through the illumination of the twelve stones on the breastplate, which represented the twelve tribes of Israel. Rashi explains that by using the Urim Ve’Tumim to ask Hashem to provide instruction to David , the Kohanim treated David as a king, since they are not allowed to inquire of the Urim Ve’Tumim for a regular citizen. Thus, King Shaul was angry not only that Achimelech had assisted David, but that he related to him as the king. The use of the Urim Ve’Tumim is another example of the high level of God’s direct involvement in the lives of the Children of Israel, felt most acutely in Eretz Yisrael.
14Achimelech replied to the king, “But who is there among all your courtiers as trusted as David, son-in-law of Your Majesty and obedient to your bidding, and esteemed in your household?
vai-YA-an a-khi-ME-lekh et ha-ME-lekh va-YO-mer, u-MEE v'-KOL a-va-DE-kha k'-da-VID ne-e-MAN va-kha-TAN ha-ME-lekh v'-SAR el mish-ma-TE-kha v'-nik-BAD b'-vei-TE-kha
ידוַיַּ֧עַן אֲחִימֶ֛לֶךְ אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר וּמִ֤י בְכׇל־עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ כְּדָוִ֣ד נֶאֱמָ֔ן וַחֲתַ֥ן הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְסָ֥ר אֶל־מִשְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ךָ וְנִכְבָּ֥ד בְּבֵיתֶֽךָ׃
15This is the first time that I inquired of Hashem for him; I have done no wrong. Let not Your Majesty find fault with his servant [or] with any of my father's house; for your servant knew nothing whatever about all this.”
ha-YOM ha-KHI-lo-TEE (li-SHA-ol) [lish-OL] LO ve-lo-HEEM kha-LEE-lah LEE al ya-SEM ha-ME-lekh b'-av-DO da-VAR b'-KOL-bayt a-VEE kee LO ya-DA av-D'-KHA b'-KOL-zot da-VAR ka-TON o ga-DOL
טוהַיּ֧וֹם הַחִלֹּ֛תִי (לשאול) [לִשְׁאׇל־]ל֥וֹ בֵאלֹהִ֖ים חָלִ֣ילָה לִּ֑י אַל־יָשֵׂם֩ הַמֶּ֨לֶךְ בְּעַבְדּ֤וֹ דָבָר֙ בְּכׇל־בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔י כִּ֠י לֹֽא־יָדַ֤ע עַבְדְּךָ֙ בְּכׇל־זֹ֔את דָּבָ֥ר קָטֹ֖ן א֥וֹ גָדֽוֹל׃
16But the king said, “You shall die, Achimelech, you and all your father's house.”
vai-YO-mer ha-ME-lekh, MOT ta-MUT a-khi-ME-lekh, a-TAH v'-KOL bayt a-vee-KHA
טזוַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ מ֥וֹת תָּמ֖וּת אֲחִימֶ֑לֶךְ אַתָּ֖ה וְכׇל־בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיךָ׃
17And the king commanded the guards standing by, “Turn about and kill the Kohanim of Hashem, for they are in league with David; they knew he was running away and they did not inform me.” But the king's servants would not raise a hand to strike down the Kohanim of Hashem.
vai-YO-mer ha-ME-lekh la-RA-tzeem ha-ni-tza-VEEM a-LAV so-VU v'-ha-MEE-tu KO-ha-NAY a-do-NAI kee GAM ya-DAM im da-VEED v'-kee ya-D'-U kee-bo-RE-akh HU v'-LO ga-LO et a-Z'-NEE v'-LO a-VOO av-DAY ha-ME-lekh lish-LO-akh et ya-DAM lif-GO-a b'-ko-ha-NAY a-do-NAI.
יזוַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ לָרָצִים֩ הַנִּצָּבִ֨ים עָלָ֜יו סֹ֥בּוּ וְהָמִ֣יתוּ ׀ כֹּהֲנֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֗ה כִּ֤י גַם־יָדָם֙ עִם־דָּוִ֔ד וְכִ֤י יָֽדְעוּ֙ כִּֽי־בֹרֵ֣חַֽ ה֔וּא וְלֹ֥א גָל֖וּ אֶת־[אׇזְנִ֑י] (אזנו) וְלֹֽא־אָב֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לִשְׁלֹ֣חַ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם לִפְגֹ֖עַ בְּכֹהֲנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃
18Thereupon the king said to Doeg, “You, Doeg, go and strike down the Kohanim.” And Doeg Ha'adomi went and struck down the Kohanim himself; that day, he killed eighty-five men who wore the linen ephod.
vai-YO-mer ha-ME-lekh (l'-DO-ig) [l'-do-EIG] SOV a-TAH u-f'-GA ba-ko-HA-neem vai-YIS-sov (DO-ig) [do-EIG] ha-a-do-MEE vai-YIF-ga-HU ba-ko-HA-neem vai-YA-met ba-YOM ha-HU sh'-mo-NEEM va-kha-MI-sha EESH no-SAY e-FOD BAD
יחוַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ (לדויג) [לְדוֹאֵ֔ג] סֹ֣ב אַתָּ֔ה וּפְגַ֖ע בַּכֹּהֲנִ֑ים וַיִּסֹּ֞ב (דויג) [דּוֹאֵ֣ג] הָאֲדֹמִ֗י וַיִּפְגַּע־הוּא֙ בַּכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים וַיָּ֣מֶת ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא שְׁמֹנִ֤ים וַֽחֲמִשָּׁה֙ אִ֔ישׁ נֹשֵׂ֖א אֵפ֥וֹד בָּֽד׃
19He put Nov, the town of the Kohanim, to the sword: men and women, children and infants, oxen, asses, and sheep—[all] to the sword.
v'-ET NOV ir ha-ko-HA-neem hi-KA l'-fi-khe-REV me-EESH v'-ad i-SHAH me-o-LEL v'-ad yo-NEK v'-SHOR va-kha-MOR va-SEH l'-fi-kha-REV
יטוְאֵ֨ת נֹ֤ב עִיר־הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ הִכָּ֣ה לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵאִישׁ֙ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה מֵֽעוֹלֵ֖ל וְעַד־יוֹנֵ֑ק וְשׁ֧וֹר וַחֲמ֛וֹר וָשֶׂ֖ה לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃
20But one son of Achimelech son of Achituv escaped—his name was Evyatar—and he fled to David.
vai-yi-ma-LET ben a-KHAD la-a-khi-MEKH ben a-khi-TOOV u-sh'-MO ev-ya-TAR vai-yiv-RAKH a-kha-RAY da-VID
כוַיִּמָּלֵ֣ט בֵּן־אֶחָ֗ד לַאֲחִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙ בֶּן־אֲחִט֔וּב וּשְׁמ֖וֹ אֶבְיָתָ֑ר וַיִּבְרַ֖ח אַחֲרֵ֥י דָוִֽד׃
21When Evyatar told David that Shaul had killed the Kohanim of Hashem,
vai-YA-ged ev-ya-TAR l'-da-VID, KEE ha-RAG sha-UL et ko-ha-NAY a-do-NAI
כאוַיַּגֵּ֥ד אֶבְיָתָ֖ר לְדָוִ֑ד כִּ֚י הָרַ֣ג שָׁא֔וּל אֵ֖ת כֹּהֲנֵ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃
22David said to Evyatar, “I knew that day, when Doeg Ha'adomi was there, that he would tell Shaul. I am to blame for all the deaths in your father's house.
vai-YO-mer da-VID l'-ev-ya-TAR ya-DA-tee ba-YOM ha-HU kee-SHAM (DO-ig) [DO-EG] ha-a-do-MEE kee-ha-GED ya-GID l'-sha-UL a-NO-khee sa-BO-tee b'-KOL NE-fesh BAYT a-ve-KHA
כבוַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד לְאֶבְיָתָ֗ר יָדַ֜עְתִּי בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ כִּֽי־שָׁם֙ (דויג) [דּוֹאֵ֣ג] הָאֲדֹמִ֔י כִּֽי־הַגֵּ֥ד יַגִּ֖יד לְשָׁא֑וּל אָנֹכִ֣י סַבֹּ֔תִי בְּכׇל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיךָ׃
23Stay with me; do not be afraid; for whoever seeks your life must seek my life also. It will be my care to guard you.”
sh'-VAH i-TI al-ti-RA, KEE a-SHER y'-va-KESH et-NAF-shee, y'-va-KESH et-NAF-she-KHA, KEE mish-ME-ret a-TAH i-ma-DEE.
כגשְׁבָ֤ה אִתִּי֙ אַל־תִּירָ֔א כִּ֛י אֲשֶׁר־יְבַקֵּ֥שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֖י יְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ כִּֽי־מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶת אַתָּ֖ה עִמָּדִֽי׃
